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Pest: APHIDS (several species)
Application: Ladybugs work best if they are released directly on the problem each day for a three-day period. Good for cleaning up a large infestation fast, but you will need to make maintenance releases of a parasitoid to keep populations under control.
Biocontrol: Aphidius spp. (parasitoids) Application: simply released from carton or sprinkle the aphid mummies around the infected areas. Great for keeping populations at bay, but for large infestations ladybugs or lacewings should be used first.
Biocontrol: Aphidoletes aphidimyza (parasitoid fly) Application: pupae hatch in the containers and the adults are released. Effective at high population levels, but will diapause if temperatures get below 40oF
Biocontrol: Chrysoperla spp. (lacewings)
Application: The larvae will take some time to hatch but once they are active they will devour the aphids. They're active mostly at night. The adults do not feed, but will lay eggs to keep aphid populations low. You should also augment these with Aphidius or Aphidoletes parasitoids, since lacewing larvae are less effective under low aphid populations.
Pest: SPIDER MITES (Tetranychus urticae and others) Biocontrol: Neoseiulus fallacis (All-purpose spider predatory mite) Application: Neoseiulus (=Amblyseius) (pyrethrin resistant strain) will do the job. But for broad mites N. californicus is best. G. occidentalis works best in hot conditions. M. longipes and N. californicus like low humidity and light pest densities.
Biocontrol: Two predatory mites Neoseiulus = Amblyseius cucumeris (Thrips predatory mite) and Hypoaspis miles (soil-dwelling mite) Application: Together N. cucumeris and H. miles work much better than either would alone (positive synergism). And H. miles don't only eat thrips, but also fungus gnat larvae.
Biocontrol: Orius insidiosus (insidious flower bug) Applicaton: Control with this thrips predator can be varied. Some years it does quite well and others not so well. Try them and let us know what you think.
Application: Nematodes can be effective on 200 plus soil-dwelling pests. And research continues to find strains that work particularly well on a particular pest. Hb are the best for controlling beetle grubs. A particularly pernicious white grub pest is the Japanese beetle, known to devour ornamental shrubs and trees.
Pest: leafminers Biocontrol: Dacnusa siberica (cool-weather parasitoid)Application: D. isaea is the most popular control for leafminer, but under cool conditions Dacnusa siberica works better.
Pest: Armored scale species Biocontrol: Aphytis melinus (golden chalcid armored scale parasitoid)Application: Works great on the right armored scale. But you need to do some experimenting. Fortunately, they're not that expensive.
Pest: MEALYBUGS Biocontrol: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (mealybug destroyer)Application: These guys are usually very effective. They eat eggs, crawlers, and some adults. They look like mealybugs, but don't worry they're not.
Pest: MICE Control: Many nursery operators use plastic mice guards that wrap around the base of the tree. May be available upon special request. Pest: ANTS Biocontr Application: Ants are fierce predators of turf and yard pests. Although they are known to tend and protect aphids, enough lady bugs or lacewing larvae will still control your aphid problems. Pest: TERMITES Cultural control: If practical, tear out and dispose of infected wood. Replace and keep it from contacting the soil. In most cases, termites need a corridor of moist soil or at least moist wood to colonize new areas (except winged castes). If the wood is dry and away from contact with the soil, you should not have a problem. Pest: tent caterpillars, army worms, Gypsy moth, and other caterpillars Biocontrol: Trichogramma minutum or T. pretiosum (egg parasitoid wasps) Application: These guys work great against many moth and butterflies. But the timing is crucial, since they only attack the eggs of the pest. You must understand the lifecycle of the pest and control it accordingly. They are a nonselective control and will attack butterfly eggs too.
Pest: MOSQUITOES Biocontrol: Bt Bacillus thuringiensis Mosquito dunks Application: One briquette treats 100 square feet of stagnant water for up to 30 days. Use in vernal pools, swampy land, and ponds. May be available upon special request. Pest: SPIDERS Biocontrol: n/a Application: Most spiders are good bugs. We suggest you leave them be. Particularly those in your garden and yards.
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